Modification of Ancient Village Government Management in Bungaya Traditional Village, Karangasem Between Tradition, Negotiation, and Modernity

Abstract

Modification is the process of changing an object’s properties, structure, or behaviour, and the goal is often to add value. This change is not intended to produce a complete transformation, but rather to simply change essential elements to achieve a better result. The traditional government system of Bungaya is modified to ensure its continued sustainability as an ancient village. According to the concept of Tri Hita Karana, De Penyarikan Desa is given greater authority to optimize the Pawongan (relationship among humans) and Palemahan (relationship between humans and environment) aspects while the Parahyangan (relationship between humans and God) aspect still remains directly managed by the highest leader of major ceremony (pemucuk desa), De Kebayan Wayan. Modifications are occurred due to internal and external demands. For example, the desire to maintain the concept of Ririgan Enamlikur, which is the characteristics of ancient villages and to improve administration to become more transparent and accountable to internal demands. External demands, such as the ease of transportation between islands/cities and the emergence of information technology, also contributed to the preservation of the relevance of the Bungaya traditional village in contemporary times.

This idea is in accordance with Alfred Schutz's theory of motives for action, which divides social action into two motives: because of motives that are based on past causes and in order to motives that focus on future goals. The modification process is initiated by De Penyarikan Desa, who has just completed formal schooling, by organizing a meeting or deliberation held by the traditional village community (pasamuan desa tegak). With the approval of the highest decision-making forum in the traditional village (paruman desa tegak), the next step is to follow the steps of the management function, planning, organizing, actuating and controlling (POAC). This is done to ensure that the implementation goes well. De Kebayan Wayan, as the leader of the member of the Ririgan Enamlikur (Paduluan Enamlikur) is retained and the function of De Penyarikan Desa is given additional responsibility to carry out the tasks previously carried out by the Keliang Desa Adat. With the requirements and experience as the leader (pemucuk) of the traditional organization of Paduluan Ririgan Enamlikur, De Penyarikan Desa is expected to be able to accelerate the achievement of the vision and mission of the Bungaya Traditional Village.