Concordance Between Quranic Narrative of Adam and Hindu Narrative of Swayambhuva Manu
Keywords:
Adam, Swayambhuva Manu, black mud, darkness, marriage, Quran, Hindu
Abstract
Adam was the first Prophet in Islamic tradition while Swayambhuva Manu was the progenitor of the human race in the Hindu tradition. We trace the parallels between the Islamic narrative of Adam and Hindu narrative of Swayambhuva Manu on four narrations. (1) Beginnings in a situation of a primitive stupor; (2) The negative qualities of black mud or darkness were introduced to break the primitive stupor; (3) The beginning of marriage took place at their time; and (4) Adam was a Prophet while Swayambhuva was venerated as the first progenitor of humankind. These parallel narrations suggest that they may have been the same person sometime in the distant past and their details are available to us differently due to the modifications during long time of transmission. Basically, their life narratives concord with each other. This concordance means that the underlying theological concepts in their lives may also be parallel. We find that the theological concepts relating to these two persons in the two religions are non-contradictory also largely concord with each other though certain silences make them appear to be different. This concordance in the narratives and theological concepts can help develop a mutual understanding between the two religions.
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References
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Al-Tabari, The History of, General Introduction and From the Creation to the Flood, Translated by Franz Rosenthal, State University of New York Press, 1989, Pages 276-283.
Ali, Suleiman Ali. 2018. A Brief Introduction to Qur’anic Exegesis, Herndon: International Institute of Islamic Thought.
Baqershahi, Ali Naqi. 2019. Allameh Iqbal on Personal God and Impersonal God. Researches on Science and Religion 10:1. https://elmodin.ihcs.ac.ir/article_4172.html?lang=en. Retrieved on October 9, 2021.
Bharadwaj, O. P. 1986. Studies in the Historical Geography of Ancient India. Delhi: Sundeep Prakashan.
Buffington, Sherry. 2020. The 24 Unbreakable Rules of the Subconscious Mind http://banishblocks.com/MBenefits/The24UnbreakableRulesoftheSubconsciousMind. Retrieved on July 8, 2020.
Burge, Stephen R. 2008. The Angels in Surat al-Mala’ika Exegeses of Q. 35:1. Edited version of the article. Originally published in Journal of Qur’anic Studies 10. Institute of Ismaili Studies. https://www.iis.ac.uk/academic-article/angels-surat-al-mala-ikahttps://www.iis.ac.uk/academic-article/angels-surat-al-mala-ika-exegeses-q-351exegeses-q-351. Retrieved on October 5, 2020.
Campbell, Richard. 2019. Dark Psychology: Super Advanced Techniques to Persuade Anyone. Secretly Manipulate People and Influence their Behaviour without them noticing (Emotional, Body Language, NLP, Psychology Tricks). e-book.
Chaubey, B. B. 1990. What does the Asuras’ Performance of Sacrifices Allude to in the Vedic Literature. Haryana Sahitya Academy Journal of Indological Studies 3(1-2). Chandigarh: Haryana Sahitya Academy.
Commentaries, Quran. https://quranx.com/tafsirs/. Retrieved on February 16, 2022.
Danino, Michel. 2010. The Lost River: On the trail of the Sarasvati. New Delhi: Penguin Books.
Deka, Barnali. 2016. Characteristic features of the Rgvedic Gods- A Reappraisal. VedaVidy? 28. https://msrvvp.ac.in/ved-vidya/28/12_English_Barnali_Deka_28.pdf. Retrieved on October 10, 2021.
El-Aswad, El-Sayed. 2019. Al-Ghaib: The Invisible/Unknowable, in D. A. Leeming (ed.), Encyclopedia of Psychology and Religion. Germany: Springer-Verlag GmbH. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27771-9_200245-1. Retrieved on October 10, 2021.
Elst, Koenraad. 2016. The Vedic Harappans in writing. koenraadelst.bharatvani.org/articles/aid/vedicharrapans.html. Retrieved on July 16, 2015.
Goff, Philip. 2021. About me. https://www.durham.ac.uk/staff/philip-a-goff/. Retrieved on October 23, 2021.
Hale, Wash Edward. 1986. ASURA-in Early Vedic Religion. Delhi: Motilal Banarasidas. Hazra, R. C. 1975. Studies in the Puranic Records on Hindu Rites and Customs. Delhi: Motilal Banarasidas.
Hazra, R. C. 1975. Studies in the Puranic Records on Hindu Rites and Customs. New Delhi: Orient Book Distributors.
Iqbal, Zahid. 2007. The Concept of Bid`ah. Minhaj-ul-Quran. https://www.minhaj.org/english/tid/2935/The-Concept-of-Bid-ah.html. Retrieved on March 6, 2021.
Jami` at-Tirmidhi. Hasan, Darussalam, Vol. 1, Book 46, Hadith 3956.
Jayaram V., 2023. “Hinduism and Rationalism, Is There a Middle Ground?” https://www.hinduwebsite.com/hinduism/h_rationalism.asp. Accessed February 16, 2023.
Jhunjhunwala, B. 2021. Chaturyuga, Manvantara and Kalpa in the Light of Evidence from Astronomy, Archaeology, Genealogy, Genetics and Literature. South Asian History, Culture and Archaeology 1:1.
Islam Quest. 2012. “How is Prophet Adam’s (A.S.) creation (about 5,764 years ago) make sense when fossils found from human beings are almost 25 million years old?” https://www.islamquest.net/en/archive/fa3297.
Karmali, Hamza. No Date. Why Do We Refer to God Using the Masculine Pronoun? Basira Education. https://www.basiraeducation.org/blog/why-do-we-refer-to-god-using-thehttps://www.basiraeducation.org/blog/why-do-we-refer-to-god-using-the-masculine-pronounmasculine-pronoun. Retrieved on February 24, 2022.
Kazanas, N. 2003. Final Reply. www.omilosmeleton.gr/pdf/en/indology/ Final%20Reply.pdf. Retrieved on July 16, 2015.
Khan, Ch Khalid Saifullah. 1997. “Man Lived on Earth Even Before the Advent of Adam,” Al-Huda, https://www.alislam.org/articles/man-lived-on-earth-even-before-advent-of-adam/.
Khan, Zafarul Islam. 2021. Personal communication by email November 26.
Klein, Roxanna Erickson & Dan Short. 2016. The Form & Function of Hypnotic Suggestion. Tokyo. http://www.iamdrshort.com/Workshops/Tokyo%202016%20Suggestion%20II%20Fo rm.pdf. Retrieved on July 8, 2020.
Malik, Shoaib. 2019. Evolution and Islam—a Brief Review. https://themuslim500.com/guesthttps://themuslim500.com/guest-contributions-2020/evolution-and-islam-a-brief-review/ - _ftn25contributions-2020/evolution-and-islam-a-brief-review/#_ftn25. Retrieved on October 11, 2021.
Mani, Vettam. 1975. Puranic Encyclopedia. Delhi: Motilal Banarasidas.
Marin, Kim. 2016. Speak Your Truth with a Clear Throat Chakra (Vishuddha). https://beyogi.com/vishuddha-chakra/. Retrieved on October 6, 2020.
Monier-Williams, Monier. 1987. Sanskrit-English Dictionary, Madras: Southern Publications.
Muslim, Riyad as-Salihin 1846. https://sunnah.com/riyadussalihin:1846.
Nadzirah. 2015. Irsyad Fatwa Series 75: Is it True that Iblis was Originally an Angel? Mufti of Federal Territory, Malaysia. http://21stcenturyislam.info/angel/a-brief-overviewhttp://21stcenturyislam.info/angel/a-brief-overview-of-angels-in-light-of-the-quran/of-angels-in-light-of-the-quran/. Retrieved on February 19, 2022.
Nasr, Seyyed Hossein. 2015. The Study Quran. New York: Harper One.
New World Encyclopedia, "Avatar," New World Encyclopedia, https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Avatar, Retrieved on August 9, 2021.
Oppenheimer, Stephen. 2012. Out-of-Africa, the peopling of continents and islands: tracing uniparental gene trees across the map. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B. https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rstb.2011.0306. Retrieved on October 4, 2021.
Puri, Maheshwarananda. No Date. Vishuddhi Chakra. Yoga in Daily Life. https://www.yogaindailylife.org/system/en/cha
kras/vishuddhi-chakra. Retrieved on October 6, 2020.
Quranic Arabic Corpus. https://corpus.quran.com/.
Rafferty, John P. No Date. Simoom. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/science/simoom. Retrieved on February 19, 2022.
Samina. 2017. 99 Names of Allah ????? ??????
(authentic list with references and resources). Ayeina. https://ayeina.com/know-allah-better-through-his-names-authentic-list-withhttps://ayeina.com/know-allah-better-through-his-names-authentic-list-with-references/references/. Retrieved on October 5, 2021.
Sivananda. 1994. Kundalini Yoga. Shivanandanagar: Divine Life Society.
Tafazzal Islam. 2018. A brief overview of angels in light of the Quran. http://21stcenturyislam.info/angel/a-brief-overview-of-angels-in-light-of-the-quran/. Retrieved on February 19, 2022.
Tegmark, Max. 2015. Consciousness as a State of Matter. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals 76.
Vedanta-Sutras With The Commentary By Ramanuja. 1904. Trans. George Thibaut. Sacred Books Of The East, Volume 48.
von Denffer, Ahmad, An Introduction to the Sciences of the Qur’an, https://islamicbulletin.org/free_downloads/quran/ul_umal_quran.pdf.
WikiIslam. 2021. Islam also says Adam came 6000 years ago. https://wikiislam.net/wiki/WikiIslam:Sandbox/Islam_also_says_Adam_came_6000_y ears_ago. Retrieved on October 4, 2021.
Published
2023-10-31
How to Cite
Jhunjhunwala, B. (2023). Concordance Between Quranic Narrative of Adam and Hindu Narrative of Swayambhuva Manu. International Journal of Interreligious and Intercultural Studies, 6(1), 1-14. Retrieved from https://ejournal.unhi.ac.id/index.php/ijiis/article/view/4900
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