Ethnomedicine di Indonesia: Perspektif tradisional hingga lanskap modern
Ethnomedicine in Indonesia: From traditional perspectives to the modern landscape
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32795/s1dc9743Keywords:
Ethnomedicine, Kesehatan Tradisional, Traditional Medicine, Pengobatan Tradisional, IndonesiaAbstract
Latar Belakang: Paradigma kesehatan tradisional Indonesia mengalami transformasi dari praktik berbasis adat-istiadat menuju pengobatan berdasarkan bukti empiris. Ethnomedicine berkembang sebagai integrasi pengetahuan, praktik, dan kepercayaan turun-temurun yang berakar dari antropologi medis, mencakup konsep sehat-sakit, pencegahan, dan penyembuhan dari perspektif budaya lokal. Tujuan: Menganalisis perkembangan ethnomedicine di Indonesia dari perspektif tradisional hingga lanskap modern, mengevaluasi potensi Indonesia sebagai pusat ethnomedicine dunia, dan mengidentifikasi tantangan serta peluang integrasi pengobatan tradisional dengan sistem kesehatan kontemporer. Metode: Analisis bibliometrik terhadap 2.783 artikel publikasi menggunakan kata kunci "Ethnomedicine", "Traditional medicine", "community medicine", dan "Indonesia" periode 1971-2024. Penelusuran literatur dilakukan untuk memetakan tren penelitian, kluster riset, dan densitas pengembangan ethnomedicine di Indonesia. Hasil: Terdapat 67.804 artikel ilmiah yang memberikan informasi klinis dan pra-klinis tentang kesehatan tradisional. Bali dan Sumatera Utara menunjukkan fokus tinggi dalam pengembangan obat bahan alam. Kluster riset difokuskan pada "drug", "jamu", "local knowledge", "traditional healer", dan "health care". Visualisasi tren menunjukkan penguatan elemen ethnomedicine dengan dominasi penelitian berbasis pengetahuan lokal dan pengembangan produk kesehatan komplementer. Kesimpulan: Indonesia memiliki potensi besar menjadi pusat ethnomedicine dunia dengan dukungan 25.000-30.000 spesies tumbuhan obat dan 300-700 etnis. Integrasi pengobatan tradisional-modern mencerminkan lanskap kesehatan dinamis. Keberlanjutan ethnomedicine memerlukan penguatan regulasi, fasilitas riset, kolaborasi global, dan pelestarian pengetahuan tradisional melalui digitalisasi dan program pendidikan berbasis budaya lokal.
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